Of EUR 390 million the EU has earmarked for financing e-services in 2007-2013, approximately 41 percent has been spent - reported Violetta Pluta from the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PARP). "Measure 8.1 of the Innovative Economy Operational Programme (supporting e-services - PAP) enjoys a great interest. Not for a second did we fear that the budget would not be used. On the contrary, we were afraid that it would be consumed during the first two years. This, fortunately, did not happen" - she said.

Circuit boards can be found in most electrical and electronic devices. Modern electronic components are getting smaller, so researchers are looking for methods that enable the best possible operation under the conditions of miniaturization. Robert Barbucha from the Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences is working on an innovative laser device to be used in production of miniaturized circuit boards.

Devices producing ionizing radiation are used today in medicine, industry, agriculture, military and scientific research. Sometimes, however, human error or equipment failure may cause of accidental radiation exposure of a worker. Dr Maria Kowalska and MA Monika Szymanska from the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection in Warsaw (CLOR), are able to determine radiation dose absorbed few weeks earlier.

As a result of the development of nanotechnology, more and more nonoobjects enter the environment. Some of them are waste dangerous to humans, other substances are valuable for reuse. Scientists from the Institute of Physical Chemistry PAS found a method that would allow to remove nanopollutions from wastewater easily and cheap.